Aqidah in Islam: Foundation of Faith and Belief
Aqidah, or Islamic creed, forms the foundation of a Muslim’s belief system. Derived from the Arabic word ‘aqada, which means “to tie firmly” or “to bind,” aqidah represents the unshakeable faith and principles that every Muslim adheres to. This article delves deeply into the concept of aqidah, its significance, and its core components, while referencing evidence from the Quran and hadith.
What is Aqidah?
Aqidah refers to the set of beliefs that a Muslim must hold without doubt. It encompasses the essential doctrines of faith that shape a Muslim’s relationship with Allah, His messengers, and the unseen. Aqidah is not merely theoretical but serves as a guiding principle for actions, ethics, and spirituality.
Etymology and Definition
- Aqidah originates from the root word ‘aqada, which conveys firmness, resolution, and binding.
- In Islamic terminology, it signifies the firm and unwavering belief in the articles of faith outlined by Allah and His Prophet (peace be upon him).
The Importance of Aqidah in Islam
Aqidah is the cornerstone of a Muslim’s life. Without it, one’s faith is incomplete. Here are key reasons why aqidah holds a central position in Islam:
- Foundation of All Acts of Worship
All acts of worship, whether prayer, fasting, or charity, must be built upon correct aqidah. Allah says in the Quran:
“Whoever hopes for the meeting with his Lord, let him do righteous work and not associate anyone in the worship of his Lord.” (Quran 18:110)
- Basis for Salvation
Belief in the oneness of Allah (Tawheed) and the rejection of polytheism is essential for salvation. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
“Whoever dies while not associating anything with Allah will enter Paradise.” (Muslim, Hadith 93)
- Unity Among Muslims
Correct aqidah unites the Muslim ummah. Disputes over belief lead to division and weaken the community.
Core Components of Aqidah
The foundation of aqidah is derived from the six articles of faith (arkan al-iman) that every Muslim must believe in. These are clearly outlined in the Quran and hadith.
1. Belief in Allah (Tawheed)
Tawheed is the affirmation of Allah’s oneness in His lordship, worship, and attributes. It is divided into three categories:
- Tawheed al-Rububiyyah (Oneness in Lordship): Believing that Allah is the sole creator, sustainer, and controller of the universe.
“Indeed, your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth in six days and then established Himself above the Throne.” (Quran 7:54)
- Tawheed al-Uluhiyyah (Oneness in Worship): Directing all acts of worship solely to Allah.
“And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion.” (Quran 98:5)
- Tawheed al-Asma wa Sifat (Oneness in Names and Attributes): Affirming Allah’s names and attributes as described in the Quran and Sunnah without distortion or denial.
2. Belief in the Angels
Muslims believe in the existence of angels, who are created from light and carry out Allah’s commands.
“[They are] honorable, obedient.” (Quran 80:16)
3. Belief in the Scriptures
Belief in all revealed books, including the Quran, Torah, Gospel, and Psalms. The Quran is the final and unaltered revelation.
“Indeed, it is We who sent down the Quran, and indeed, We will be its guardian.” (Quran 15:9)
4. Belief in the Messengers
Belief in all the prophets sent by Allah, from Adam to Muhammad (peace be upon them all). The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the final messenger.
“Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he is] the Messenger of Allah and the seal of the prophets.” (Quran 33:40)
5. Belief in the Day of Judgment
Muslims believe in the resurrection, accountability, and eternal reward or punishment based on deeds.
“And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah. Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned, and they will not be wronged.” (Quran 2:281)
6. Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar)
Belief that everything happens by Allah’s will and knowledge, whether good or bad.
“Indeed, all things We created with predestination.” (Quran 54:49)
Aqidah in the Quran and Hadith
The Quran and Sunnah emphasize the importance of aqidah in multiple ways. For instance:
- Quranic Verse on Tawheed:
“Say, He is Allah, [who is] One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent.” (Quran 112:1–4)
- Hadith on Belief:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) summarized aqidah in the famous hadith of Jibreel:
“Iman is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in divine decree, both good and bad.” (Muslim, Hadith 8)
Common Misconceptions About Aqidah
- Aqidah is Only for Scholars:
Every Muslim, regardless of their background, is required to learn and understand basic aqidah. - Action Alone Suffices Without Belief:
Actions are invalid without correct belief. Sincerity and correct intention must accompany worship. - Blind Following:
Aqidah must be based on authentic sources, not cultural practices or hearsay.
Practical Steps to Strengthen Aqidah
- Study the Quran and Sunnah:
Regularly read and reflect on the Quran and authentic hadith to deepen your understanding. - Seek Knowledge from Authentic Sources:
Learn from qualified scholars and reliable books on aqidah. - Avoid Innovations:
Stick to the teachings of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his companions, avoiding practices not rooted in Islam. - Engage in Dhikr and Dua:
Strengthen your connection with Allah through constant remembrance and supplication.
Conclusion
Aqidah is the essence of Islam and the basis for all acts of worship and ethical conduct. By understanding and adhering to the correct aqidah, a Muslim secures their relationship with Allah and fulfills their purpose in life. Let us strive to build a solid foundation of faith, guided by the Quran and Sunnah, and live a life pleasing to Allah.
May Allah grant us the understanding and firmness in our aqidah. Ameen.
